Short Answers On Subject of Banu Quraiza

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Question 1: Why were Banu Quraiza executed? What was there treachery

Answer :
Banu Quraiza were executed because of their treachery. They had a peace treaty with Muhammad and Muslims that they will help them in any attack against them and Medina. But instead of heping Muslims in Battle of Trench they betray them.
For this Muhammad first send some Muslims to confirm whether news is correct or not.
The reason for the campaign goes back to Banu Qurayzah’s breaking of the treaty between themselves and the Prophet. This has been proved from different reports which, when taken together, could be used as valid evidence. Huyayy ibn Akhtab al Nadari [1] incited them to break the treaty at a critical time when the Muslims were being besieged by 10,000 warriors from the various tribes. There is a strong report that the Prophet sent al Zubayr ibn al Awwam [2] to check on Banu Qurayzah, then he sent Sad ibn Mu’adh, Sa’d ibn ‘Ubadah, Abd Allah ibn Rawahah and Khawwat ibn Jubayr [3] to check whether the rumors about the treachery of Banu Qurayzah were true. These four confirmed the rumors, and this news distressed the Muslims.
Ibn Ishaq gave a detailed report — without isnad — of the treachery of Banu Qurayzah and their breaking of the treaty. Most of the Sirah writers also reported it without isnad[4].
Musa ibn ‘Uqbah mentions — also without isnad — that Qurayzah asked Huyayy ibn Akhtab to take 90 men from the nobles of Quraysh and Ghatafan as hostages, so the Quraysh would not leave Madinah before they had destroyed the Muslims. Huyayy agreed to that, so they announced their breaking of the treaty.[5]

"On hearing this bad news, the Messenger [pbuh] despatched four Muslim prominent leaders Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Sa'd bin 'Ubada, 'Abdullah bin Rawaha and Khawat bin Jubair for investigation but warning against any sort of spreading panic amongst the Muslims and advising that they should declare in public that the rumours are groundless if they happen to be so. Unfortunately the four men discovered that the news was true and that the Jews announced openly that no pact of alliance existed any longer with Muhammad [pbuh]."
(Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (THE SEALED NECTAR), Chapter: Al-Ahzab (the Confederates) Invasion)

Question 2: Who was leader appointed by Banu Quraiza?
Answer:
According to Shibli Nomani, Ibn Ishaq writes that during the siege, the Qurayza readmitted Huyayy ibn Akhtab, the chief of the Banu Nadir whom Muhammad had exiled (during the Invasion of Banu Nadir), At this point, some historians believe that Huyayy tore into pieces the agreement between Ka'b and Muhammad,"
[Watt, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Section on "Kurayza, Banu"]

Question 3: Does anywhere Quran mentions the incident of treachery since it is the first source of Muslims?
Answer:
Quran mentions the enemy forces coming outside and inside of Medina
Quran 33-10:11
"[Remember] when they came at you from above you and from below you, and when eyes shifted [in fear], and hearts reached the throats and you assumed about Allah [various] assumptions. There the believers were tested and shaken with a severe shaking."

Question 4: What Law says to kill all the people for their treachery?
Answer:
Their (Jews) own Law says that
Deuteronomy 20:10-14
"When you march up to attack a city, make its people an offer of peace. If they accept and open their gates, all the people in it shall be subject to forced labor and shall work for you.  If they refuse to make peace and they engage you in battle, lay siege to that city. When the Lord your God delivers it into your hand, put to the sword all the men in it. As for the women, the children, the livestock and everything else in the city, you may take these as plunder for yourselves. And you may use the plunder the Lord your God gives you from your enemies."
Since we can see Prophet Muhammad did not applied any Islamic rule

Question 5:Why Prophet didn't spare anyone? Did all Jews betrayed Muslims?
Answer:
The siege continued for twenty-five days, during which the Muslims allowed the Jews who had refused to betray the Prophet (peace be upon him) during the Battle of the Ditch to leave and go wherever they wished as a reward for their faithfulness. (Muhammad Al Ghazali, Fiqh-Us-Seerah: Understanding the Life of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), International Islamic Publishing House, p346).

Question 6: Why Prophet Muhammad verdict was cruel?
Answer:
The order killing of Banu Quraiza wasn't done by Prophet Muhammad but by Saad bin Muadh an Ex-Jew from Banu Quraiza. Instead Banu Quriaza itself refused to obey the verdict of Prophet Muhammad and told him they will only accept Saad decisions.
Saheeh Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 52, Number 280:
"Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri: When the tribe of Bani Quraiza was ready to accept Sad's judgment, Allah's Apostle sent for Sad who was near to him. Sad came, riding a donkey and when he came near, Allah's Apostle said (to the Ansar), "Stand up for your leader." Then Sad came and sat beside Allah's Apostle who said to him. "These people are ready to accept your judgment." Sad said, "I give the judgment that their warriors should be killed and their children and women should be taken as prisoners." The Prophet then remarked, "O Sad! You have judged amongst them with (or similar to) the judgment of the King Allah."

Question 7:Why Jews choosen Saad for their verdict?
Answer:
Banu Qurayzah agreed to accept the judgment of Saad ibn Muadh; they thought that he would show mercy to them, because of the alliance between them and his people, al Aws. Sa’d was carried to them, because he had been wounded in the hand by an arrow at the Battle of the Ditch, and was ill. He judged that the warriors should be killed, and their wealth shared. The Messenger confirmed this and said: “You have judged according to God’s judgment.
Pointing towards Deuteronomy 20:10-14 of the Old Testament

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[1]Abd al Razzaq reported this from the mursal hadith of Sa’id ibn al Musayyab, which are the most sahih mursal hadith. The report is valid as evidence, if there are other reports which support it (al Musannaf, 5/368-373). Abu Nu’aym, from the mursal hadith of Sa’id also (Abu Nu’aym, Dala’il al Nubuwwah, 3/183). [back]
[2]Al Bukhari, al Sahih, 3/306; Muslim, al Sahih, 7/138 [back]
[3]Ibn Hisham, al Sirah, 3/706, without isnad. [back]
[4]Al-Waqidi, al Maghazi, 3/454-9; Al Tabari, Tarikh al Rusul, 3/570-3; Ibn Hazm, Jawami al Sirah, 187-8; Ibn Abd al Barr, al Durar, 181-3; Ibn Sayyid al Nas, Uyun al Athar, 3/59-60; Ibn Kathir, at Bidayah, 3/103-4 [back]
[5]Ibn Kathir, al Bidayah, 3/103-4 [back]

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